I don't know either, and I suspect that the answer in one place won't be the answer in another so one or the other won't end up implemented thnks to our tendency to look for top-down solutions.
And that is a HUGE problem for kids from low-performing schools. It is hard enough to afford college when the max Pell grant is $6000ish and a year of college costs $20K without adding a semester or two of remedial classes just to get up to college level".
It isn't. My husband is a tradesman and my son is apprenticing in a trade. I don't have a problem with that path, but just like college, it isn't for everyone. And the demographics of one's birth shouldn't be destiny. The hostility/testiness of those in the trades, who see any argument in favor of a college prep path as an implication that the trades aren't "good enough", is part of the problem in districts like mine - rural, blue collar, working class, and chock full of tradesmen of varying degrees of skill who resent the idea that bright kids with an interest in college or a degree-dependent career should want/need a "way out" and refuse to support efforts to bring modern technology, advanced academic classes, coding and the like to the schools. It puzzles me; it feels like we've gone from wanting better for the next generation to saying "if it was good enough for me, it is good enough for them".