I'd still probably ask the teacher what type of clubs they'll focus on. There are multiple piece sets from 6-15 clubs. Even on a cheap set I'd hate to buy 15 clubs and they typically only use 6-9 of them. Also I'm sure he or she could recommend an economical brand. While you don't need all the bells and whistles to learn, the materials of the club will change your performance and I imagine can change your technique. You don't want to unlearn a swing that developed to match the equipment you were using.
I say this not being a golfer ( but knowing a few) but I do know from other sports that are equipment dependent, the equipment really can change your play. I definitely think you can find what you're looking for in a reasonable price range, especially if you go somewhere that knows about the sport (and is not on commission
) but it helps to have something in mind when you talk to the sales rep. If it's something he likes this will not be his last set of clubs. If he keeps growing, probably won't even be last set during school.