hey APUSH kids...
...free notes!
Washington:
-Chose to remain neutral during Britain & France conflict
-Supported neutrality in all conflicts outside the U.S. in his farewell address (steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world)
-Citizen Genet incident: Washington declared the intention to stay friendly and impartial
-During the French Revolution, Secretary of Treasury Hamilton did not support the Revolution, but Secretary of State Jefferson did.
-Britain was Americas main trading partner after the Revolutionary War
-Jays treaty: Avoided war with Great Britain, but considered the lowest point of his presidency
Both:
-More sympathetic towards Britain
-Both avoided war with other nations
Adams:
-Greatest achievement: avoiding war with France
-XYZ Affair: France began seizing American ships on the open seas. Adams sent three diplomats to Paris, but French officials demanded a large bribe before they would begin to negotiate. The diplomats came back to the United States, and Adams published their written report in the newspapers. He replaced the French officials names with X, Y, and Z.
-Made country passionately anti-French
-Almost led to a declaration of war, but Adams negotiated a settlement to avoid war.
-Alien and Sedition Acts: Allowed the government to expel foreigners.
1763:
■French & Indian War Ends
■Britain left in huge war debt
■Pontiacs Rebellion:
■Ottawa war chief Pontiac led a group of local tribes to attack Ohio Valley colonial outposts
■Proclamation of 1763:
■Forbade settlement west of the Appalachians, though settlers had already moved past the new boundary. The only effect was the anger of these colonists.
1764:
■Sugar Act:
■New duties established, aimed at molasses smuggling. Actually lowered taxes, still angered colonists.
■Currency Act:
■Prevented colonists from using/making paper money
1765:
■Stamp Act:
■Tax aimed at raising revenue, placed on all legal documents and licenses. Especially affected lawyers.
■Sons of Liberty formed:
■Radical protest group against the Stamp Act.
1766:
■Grenville replaced by Rockingham as prime minister:
■Rockingham opposed Stamp Act; Colonists hated Grenville
■Stamp Act Repealed:
■Linked to:
■Declaratory Act:
■Asserted British governments right to tax & legislate anywhere in the colonies.
1767:
■Townshend Acts:
■Taxed goods imported right from Britain, portions of tax set aside to pay tax collectors, created more vice-admiralty courts, and gave the British licenses to search the home of any suspected smuggler (writs of assistance)
1770:
■Townshend Acts repealed:
■Except tea tax
■Boston Massacre:
■A mob pelted British soldiers with rock-filled snowballs. The soldiers fired in retaliation and killed five.
1772:
■Parts of Townshend Acts Implemented
■Colonial administrators had to be paid by customs revenues as opposed to by colonial legislatures
■Committees of Correspondence:
■Set up to exchange political ideas, and to convince more citizens to become active in the conflict
1773:
■British gave the Dutch East India Tea Company monopoly on tea in the colonies
■Boston Tea Party:
■A group of Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawk Indians boarded a ship and dumped the tea into the Boston Harbor.
1774:
■Intolerable Acts:
■Closed Boston Harbor until the tea was paid for; tightened British control over the Massachusetts government and courts; required civilians to house British soldiers
■Quebec Act:
■Granted greater liberties to Catholics & expanded the boundaries of the Quebec territory, impeding on westward expansion
■First Continental Congress:
■Delegates from all colonies (except Georgia) met to develop a strategy for addressing their grievances with Britain and devise a proper relationship model between Britain and the colonies. They listed laws they wanted repealed and agreed to boycott British goods until Britain could cut the crap.
■Committees of Observation:
■Became their towns unofficial governments, set up to enforce the boycotts of British goods
1775:
■Lexington & Concord:
■English troops were sent out to confiscate weapons in Concord, Massachusetts. Local militia (minutemen) confronted them in Lexington. 18 American casualties, 8 of which dead.
■A larger group of minutemen were able to assemble at Concord, force British to retreat.
■Second Continental Congress:
■Established a Continental Army, printed money, created government offices, and chose George Washington to lead the Continental Army.
1776:
■Declaration of Independence:
■Lists colonies grievances against the Crown, and articulates the principle of individual liberty and the governments responsibility to serve the people.