^^ Probably the room phones at a given hotel are all in a series so it is fairly easy for scammers to determine that block of numbers. As someone mentioned above, I NEVER give out personal information to anyone who calls me regardless of what company they claim to represent since it is likely some sort of scam. That is true whether I am at home or traveling. Credit card companies all have their phone # on the back of the credit card so I would tell the person calling that I will call THEM back to verify if they are legit, likely the scammer will hang up when you say that. The official website for companies also has phone contact information. I can't name any legit reason for some company to call you asking for personal information since if you are a current customer, they would already have it on file.
The IRS NEVER calls you as the first point of contact with any tax related issues, they send letters in the mail. Occasionally, we get calls from some store we have never shopped at and they mumble the name of the person they are trying to contact indicating we haven't yet picked up our merchandise, we just hang-up on those. Other popular ones rattle off some legal mumbo/jumbo to make it sound like you are in trouble with the law. Newest ones are random text messages supposedly from UPS or FEDEX indicating we need to contact them about an issue with package delivery....even if we have nothing currently on order ............LOL. Have also seen text messages claiming our Netflix subscription has an issue (we have NEVER subscribed to Netflix), so clearly a scam as well.
A little common sense goes a long way when dealing with phone/text scams. If a call/text seems 'off', I assume it is a scammer.